Pasado y presente de la noción de resistencia estudiantil: aportes a la investigación y a la enseñanza de sociología de la educación

En este artículo nos proponemos describir las particularidades de la noción de resistencia estudiantil en el pasado y en el presente así como las formas en que esas características contribuyeron, y lo siguen haciendo, para pensar los aportes al campo de producción en investigación así como en la enseñanza de la sociología de la educación.La hipótesis a desarrollar es que junto con las transformaciones en las formaciones históricas y en los dispositivos pedagógicos a través de las reformas educativas, también hay modificaciones en aquello que consideramos resistencia según el contexto, el lugar, los sujetos y las dinámicas que allí se desarrollan. En la actualidad, la resistencia estudiantil ya no conlleva como hace algunas décadas fracaso escolar y social sino las potencialidades, las posibilidades, las formas de insistencia por continuar y sostener la escolaridad. Ello se realiza explorando la noción de resistencia tal como se produjo en el campo investigativo de la sociología de la educación en el pasado y en el presente, recuperando algunas de las transformaciones hacia la actualidad. A la vez, se desarrolla la relación entre la sociología de la educación y los estudios de gubernamentalidad para el estudio de las prácticas de resistencia.In this article we propose to describe the particularities of the notion of student resistance in the past and in the present as well as the ways in which they contribute to reflect on the field of research and the teaching of the sociology of education. The hypothesis is that along with the transformations of the historical formations and the pedagogical devices produced by educational reforms, the conception of resistance also changes according to the context, the place, the subjects and its social dynamics. Currently, the student resistance no longer represents, as it did a few decades ago, "the reproduction of the cycle of school and social failure" (Rockwell (2006: 6), but it now represents the potentialities, possibilities, and several ways of insistence coming from the people to continue and keep the schooling (Langer, 2017) This phenomenon can be known by exploring the notion of resistance, and through the recovering of some of its transformations coming from the past to the present. This is a task that the research field of the sociology of education already did it and continue to do so. Therefore, in this article, we also discuss the relationship between the sociology of education and the governmentality studies in their usefulness for the study of the practices of student resistance.Fil: Langer, Eduardo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Humanidades. Centro de Estudios Desigualdades, Sujetos e Instituciones; Argentin

Existence of two phase transitions in Hubbard model

Journal ArticleWe solve the Hubbard model, for one electron per atom in a simple cubic structure, using one-particle Green's functions. We determine the accuracy of this calculation to be good by comparison with an exact solution by Lieb and Wu of a one-dimensional limiting case

Insistir es resistir: Estudiantes, dispositivos pedagógicos y pobreza urbana en las sociedades de gerenciamiento

En este artículo nos centraremos en las particularidades que presentan los dispositivos pedagógicos en contextos de extrema pobreza urbana atendiendo a prácticas de resistencia de estudiantes. Más específicamente, a través de resultados de investigación empírica, se proponen elementos para la comprensión y problematización de las dinámicas que presentan los procesos del habitar la escuela secundaria por parte de los estudiantes. Se sostendrá que esas prácticas de los estudiantes en contextos de pobreza urbana son producciones sociales que ponen en tensión las imágenes de desesperanza que suelen recaer sobre ellos, son prácticas de sujetos que se posicionan con deseos, sueños y expectativas que funcionan como fisuras a las líneas sedimentadas que todo dispositivo supone (Deleuze, 1992). Así, frente a las condiciones de vida de estos jóvenes y de estas escuelas, los estudiantes dicen “acá estoy, quiero entrar, préstenme atención”; en suma, producen acontecimientos que no sólo refutan los supuestos de nihilismo, sino también hienden políticamente discursos y tecnologías de poder. En este artículo se pondrá en discusión cómo los sujetos frente a lo que una época muestra como intolerable –los contextos de pobreza urbana–, producen prácticas en donde hay esperanza de vida, defensa de sus derechos y discusión de lo establecido, que involucran, también, la creación de estrategias de supervivencia desde y en los dispositivos pedagógicos.In this article we focus on the particularities presented by educational devices in contexts of extreme urban poverty attending student practices of resistance. More specifically, through empirical research results we propose elements for understanding and questioning of the particularities of inhabiting school by students. It is a question, then, of trying to grasp these practices by heeding how they are assembled in current pedagogical apparatuses. Practices of resistance, in this case on the part of students in contexts of urban poverty, are social productions that strain the notion of abject fear and the images of desperation often attributed to those students. They position themselves as subjects with desires, dreams and hopes that, we propose, act as fissures in the lines of sedimentation that any apparatuses entails (Deleuze, 1992). Thus, before living conditions of these young people and schools, the students say “I am here, I want in, listen to me.” That is, through humor and irony, they produce incidents that not only refute the idea that students don’t care about a thing but also politically fracture discourses and technologies of power. Here we will discuss how students produce practices where there is hope for life, defense of rights and debate over the status quo. This, in turn, involves the creation of strategies for survival and persistence from and in pedagogical apparatuses.Fil: Grinberg, Silvia Mariela. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Humanidades. Centro de Estudios en Pedagogías Contemporáneas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; ArgentinaFil: Langer, Eduardo Daniel. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Humanidades. Centro de Estudios en Pedagogías Contemporáneas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

The Schur Transformation for Nevanlinna Functions: Operator Representations, Resolvent Matrices, and Orthogonal Polynomials

A Nevanlinna function is a function which is analytic in the open upper half plane and has a non-negative imaginary part there. In this paper we study a fractional linear transformation for a Nevanlinna function n with a suitable asymptotic expansion at ∞, that is an analogue of the Schur transformation for contractive analytic functions in the unit disc. Applying the transformation p times we find a Nevanlinna function np which is a fractional linear transformation of the given function n. The main results concern the effect of this transformation to the realizations of n and np, by which we mean their representations through resolvents of self-adjoint operators in Hilbert space. Our tools are block operator matrix representations, u--resolvent matrices, and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces

Role of phonons and band structure in metal-insulator phase transition

Journal ArticleWe present a soluble model of electrons interacting with lattice vibrations which displays metallic, superconducting, and insulating phases. We solve the thermodynamics of this model and discuss its properties. The metal-insulator phase transition is second order for sc and bcc tight-binding bands. With sufficient deviation [(5-10)% for coupling constant g = 0.1] from such band structure the transition becomes first order. Above this, the "collective insulator" ceases to exist. Our model might apply to certain transition-series metal oxides, such as VO2

Ideology and the limits of self-interest: System justification motivation and conservative advantages in mass politics

It is commonly assumed that political attitudes are driven by self-interest and that poor people heavily favor policies aimed at redistributing wealth. This assumption fails to explain the popularity of economic conservatism and the degree of support for the capitalist system. Such outcomes are typically explained by the suggestion that most poor people believe they will become rich one day. In a representative sample of low-income Americans, we observed that less than one-fourth were optimistic about their economic prospects. Those respondents who believed that they would become rich one day were no more likely to endorse the legitimacy of the system and no more supportive of conservative ideology or the Republican Party, compared to those who did not believe they would become rich. From a system justification perspective, we propose that people are motivated to defend the social systems on which they depend, and this confers a psychological advantage to conservative ideology. Providing ideological support for the status quo serves epistemic motives to reduce uncertainty, existential motives to reduce threat, and relational motives to share reality with members of mainstream society. We summarize evidence from the United States, Argentina, Lebanon, and other countries bearing on these propositions—including a survey administered shortly before the 2016 U.S. Presidential election—and discuss political implications of system justification motivation.Fil: Jost, John T.. University of New York; Estados UnidosFil: Langer, Melanie. University of New York; Estados UnidosFil: Badaan, Vivienne. University of New York; Estados UnidosFil: Azevedo, Flávio. Universitat Zu Köln; AlemaniaFil: Etchezahar, Edgardo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Psicología Matemática y Experimental Dr. Horacio J. A. Rimoldi; ArgentinaFil: Ungaretti, Joaquín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Psicología Matemática y Experimental Dr. Horacio J. A. Rimoldi; ArgentinaFil: Hennes, Erin P.. Purdue University; Estados Unido

Skin permeabilization for transdermal drug delivery: recent advances and future prospects

Introduction: Transdermal delivery has potential advantages over other routes of administration. It could reduce first-pass metabolism associated with oral delivery and is less painful than injections. However, the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), limits passive diffusion to small lipophilic molecules. Therefore, methods are needed to safely permeabilize the SC so that ionic and larger molecules may be delivered transdermally. Areas covered: This review focuses on low-frequency sonophoresis, microneedles, electroporation and iontophoresis, and combinations of these methods to permeabilize the SC. The mechanisms of enhancements and developments in the last 5 years are discussed. Potentially high-impact applications, including protein delivery, vaccination and sensing are presented. Finally, commercial interest and clinical trials are discussed. Expert opinion: Not all permeabilization methods are appropriate for all applications. Focused studies into applications utilizing the advantages of each method are needed. The total dose and kinetics of delivery must be considered. Vaccination is one application where permeabilization methods could make an impact. Protein delivery and analyte sensing are also areas of potential impact, although the amount of material that can be delivered (or extracted) is of critical importance. Additional work on the miniaturization of these technologies will help to increase commercial interest.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant EB-00351

Prospects for Spin-Based Quantum Computing

Experimental and theoretical progress toward quantum computation with spins in quantum dots (QDs) is reviewed, with particular focus on QDs formed in GaAs heterostructures, on nanowire-based QDs, and on self-assembled QDs. We report on a remarkable evolution of the field where decoherence, one of the main challenges for realizing quantum computers, no longer seems to be the stumbling block it had originally been considered. General concepts, relevant quantities, and basic requirements for spin-based quantum computing are explained; opportunities and challenges of spin-orbit interaction and nuclear spins are reviewed. We discuss recent achievements, present current theoretical proposals, and make several suggestions for further experiments.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figure